VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (VHF)

Viral hemorrhagic fevers are prevalent in Africa and rare in the United States. They are caused by four classes of viruses (Filoviruses, Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses, and Flaviviruses). Humans are incidentally infected by the bite of an infected tick or mosquito, via aerosol generated from an infected rodent urine or feces, or by direct contact with infected animal carcasses. With the exception of Rift Valley fever and the diseases caused by Flaviviruses (Yellow fever, Omsk HF, and Kyasanur Forest Disease) which are not transmissible person-to-person, infected humans can spread the disease to close contacts by touching bodily fluids, which may result in community outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections.

• Fact Sheet
• CDC Information: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
• CDC Recommendations fpr Organizations Sending U.S. -based Personnel to Areas with VHF (including Marburg Virus Disease) Outbreaks)
• Marburg Virus Disease: Traveling to the U.S. from Rwanda (CDC)​

Report suspect or confirmed cases IMMEDIATELY to the local health department by phone and follow up with written report.

• Coordination of Specimens for Ebola Virus Testing
• Management of Ebola Cases in Hospitals
• Marburg Virus Disease:  For Healthcare Providers (CDC)
• Marburg Virus Disease:  Interim Recommendations for Public Heatlh Management of U.S. -based Healthcare Personnel Returning from Rawanda (CDC)
• Marburg Virus Disease Fact Sheet (WHO) 
  
• Category A Agent Laboratory Testing (WV OLS)
  
• ​EMS Guidelines for Marburg Virus Disease (NETEC)
  

Reporting

• Surveillance Protocol 
• Case Definition
• Case Report Form
• WVEDSS
• Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Surveillance Protocol
• Marburg Risk Assessment Form for LHD​
  

Resources for Returned Travelers

• ​Ebola Returned Traveler Risk Assessment and Monitoring Tool
• ​Ebola Monitoring and Follow-Up of Returned Travelers
• Ebola Returned Traveler Risk Monitoring Tool
• Marburg Virus Disease:  Interim Recommendations for Public Heatlh Management of U.S. -based Healthcare Personnel Returning from Rawanda (CDC)
  
• Marburg Virus Disease: Traveling to the U.S. from Rawanda (CDC)
  

Bioterrorism

• WV Office of Laboratory Services Threat-Preparedness and Bioterrorism Response Unit
• JAMA Statement
• CDC: Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response
• University of Pittsburgh Medical Center: Center for Biosecurity
• Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota
• WV Bioterrorism Information ​